路由器配置和文件管理
1.1. 通过TFTP来配置路由器
提问 使用TFTP来加载路由器的配置文件
回答
Router1#copy tftp://172.25.1.1/NEWCONFIG running-config
Destination filename [running-config]?
Accessing tftp://172.25.1.1/NEWCONFIG...
Loading NEWCONFIG from 172.25.1.1 (via FastEthernet0/0.1): !
[OK - 24 bytes]
24 bytes copied in 0.192 secs (125 bytes/sec)
Router1#
注释 IOS12.0版本以前使用的configure network命令，另外拷贝至路由器的配置文件应该以End结尾，否则会出现下面的错误提示信息：%PARSER-4-BADCFG: Unexpected end of configuration file.
1.2. 保存路由器配置到服务器
提问 保存路由器当前配置文件到TFTP服务器作为备份
回答
Freebsd% touch /tftpboot/router1-confg
Freebsd% chmod 666 /tftpboot/router1-confg
Freebsd% telnet Router1
Trying 172.25.1.5...
Connected to Router1.
Escape character is '^]'.
User Access Verification
Password:
Router1>enable
Password:
Router1#copy running-config tftp://172.25.1.1/router1-confg
Address or name of remote host [172.25.1.1]?
Destination filename [router1-confg]?
!!!
9640 bytes copied in 3.956 secs (2437 bytes/sec)
Router1#
注释 确保TFTP服务器上的目录和文件可写
1.3. 使用远端配置文件启动路由器
提问 使用另外的配置文件来启动路由器
回答
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router1(config)#service config
Router1(config)#boot network tftp Network-auto 172.25.1.1
Router1(config)#boot host tftp Router8-auto 172.25.1.1
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
注释 service config缺省是关闭的，如果打开缺省会去查找的文件名为network-config, cisconet.cfg, router1-confg, router1.cfg等
1.4. 保存大于NVRAM大小的配置文件
提问 配置文件过大，超过了可用的NVRAM大小
回答
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router1(config)#service compress-config
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
注释 可以使用show startup-config来验证
Router1#show startup-config
Using 5068 out of 29688 bytes, uncompressed size = 9969 bytes
Uncompressed configuration from 5068 bytes to 9969 bytes
1.5. 清除启动配置文件
提问 清除配置文件恢复到出厂设置
回答
Router1#erase nvram: (erase startup-config)
Erasing the nvram filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm]
[OK]
Erase of nvram: complete
Router1#reload
System configuration has been modified. Save? [yes/no]: no
Proceed with reload? [confirm]
注释 无
1.6. 加载新的IOS镜像
提问 升级当前的IOS
回答
Router1#copy tftp://172.25.1.1/c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122-12a.bin flash:
Destination filename [c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122-12a.bin]?
Accessing tftp://172.25.1.1/c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122-12a.bin...
Erase flash: before copying? [confirm]
Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm]
Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ...erased
Erase of flash: complete
Loading c2600-ik9o3s-mz.122-12a.bin from 172.25.1.1 (via FastEthernet0/0.1):!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[OK - 11135588 bytes]
Verifying checksum... OK (0xE643)
11135588 bytes copied in 82.236 secs (135410 bytes/sec)
Router1# reload
Proceed with reload? [confirm]
注释 无
1.7. 以另一个IOS镜像文件启动
提问 使用其它的IOS镜像启动
回答
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router1(config)#boot system flash:c3620-jk9o3s-mz.122-7a.bin
Router1(config)#boot system flash:c3620-jos56i-l.120-11.bin
Router1(config)#boot system slot0:c3620-ik9s-mz.122-13.bin
Router1(config)#boot system rom
Router1(config)#end
注释 boot system命令的顺序非常重要，如果使用新的IOS，建议先进行no boot system的操作。从IOS 12.3(4)T 后思科引入了boot markers的概念，所有的boot systme命令都会放在boot markers之间，比如：
Router1#show running-config | include ^boot
boot-start-marker
boot system slot0:c3745-ipbasek9-mz.124-6.T.bin
boot system slot0:c3745-ipbasek9-mz.124-7.bin
boot system flash:
boot-end-marker
Router1#
1.8. 通过网络启动
提问 IOS太大本地Flash无法保存，使用保存在网络上的IOS启动
回答
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router1(config)#boot system tftp c2500-io-l.122-7a.bin 172.25.1.1
Router1(config)#boot system flash
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
注释 无
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